How does p53 affect transcription?
p53 regulates transcription via two functionally specialized transactivation domains. p53 recognizes its DNA response elements by an elaborate mechanism involving a sequence-specific core DNA-binding domain and the regulatory C-terminal domain.
What is Pathway p53?
The p53 pathway is composed of a network of genes and their products that are targeted to respond to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stress signals that impact upon cellular homeostatic mechanisms that monitor DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cell division (Vogelstein et al., 2000).
Why is the p53 gene important?
By stopping cells with mutated or damaged DNA from dividing, p53 helps prevent the development of tumors. Because p53 is essential for regulating DNA repair and cell division, it has been nicknamed the “guardian of the genome.”
Does p53 increase transcription?
Transcription Initiation. The ability of p53 to stimulate transcription on RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-transcribed genes is certainly the most well-studied function of the tumor suppressor; a depiction of p53-dependent transactivation is shown in Figure 2.
How is p53 the guardian of genome?
p53 is also able to enhance metabolic changes and antioxidant responses [27,28,29]. By maintaining genome integrity and preventing the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA, p53 acts as “the guardian of the genome” and prevents tumorigenesis [30].
How does p53 regulate cell proliferation in response to DNA damage?
Activation of p53 in response to DNA damage is associated with a rapid increase in its levels and with an increased ability of p53 to bind DNA and mediate transcriptional activation. This then leads to the activation of a number of genes whose products trigger cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, or DNA repair.
Why is it important to study p53?
Oncogenic activation of RAS, p53 protein overexpression, and p53 gene mutations have been reported as prognostic markers of poor outcome in NSCLC patients. Because p53 is an important factor in the regulation and initiation of DNA repair, aberrations in p53 expression may also affect response to chemotherapy.
Why is p53 sometimes called the guardian of the genome quizlet?
The gene p53 is called the “guardian of the genome” because it corrects mutations in the spindle apparatus before nondisjunction can occur. The genome of humans is remarkably stable, so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability. There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle.
Which of the following is characteristic of the product of the p53 gene?
Which of the following is characteristic of the product of the p53 gene? It speeds up the cell cycle.
Which of the following describes the normal function of the p53 gene product?
Which of the following describes the normal function of the p53 gene product? It inhibits the cell cycle.
What is the p53 gene and why do you think it’s important?
A gene that makes a protein that is found inside the nucleus of cells and plays a key role in controlling cell division and cell death. Mutations (changes) in the p53 gene may cause cancer cells to grow and spread in the body.
Why is p53 known as the guardian of the genome?